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Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi ((アラビア語:رافد أحمد علوان), ; born 1968), known by the Defense Intelligence Agency cryptonym "Curveball",〔. ''The Los Angeles Times'', April 2, 2005〕 is a German citizen who defected from Iraq in 1999, claiming that he had worked as a chemical engineer at a plant that manufactured mobile biological weapon laboratories as part of an Iraqi weapons of mass destruction program. Alwan's allegations were subsequently shown to be false by the Iraq Survey Group's final report published in 2004. Despite warnings from the German Federal Intelligence Service and the British Secret Intelligence Service questioning the authenticity of the claims, the US Government and British government utilized them to build a rationale for military action in the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, including in the 2003 State of the Union address, where President Bush said "we know that Iraq, in the late 1990s, had several mobile biological weapons labs", and Colin Powell's presentation to the UN Security Council, which contained a computer generated image of a ''mobile biological weapons laboratory''.〔〔Wikisource:George W. Bush's Third State of the Union Address〕 They were later found to be mobile milk pasteurization and hydrogen generation trailers. On 24 September 2002, the British government published its dossier on the former Iraqi leader's WMD with a personal foreword by Mr Blair, who assured readers Saddam Hussein had continued to produce WMD "beyond doubt". On November 4, 2007, ''60 Minutes'' revealed Curveball's real identity. Former CIA official Tyler Drumheller summed up Curveball as "a guy trying to get his green card essentially, in Germany, and playing the system for what it was worth."〔 He lives in Germany, where he has been granted asylum.〔 In a February 2011 interview with the ''Guardian'' he "admitted for the first time that he lied about his story, then watched in shock as it was used to justify the war."〔 == Claims and background == Rafid Ahmed Alwan studied chemical engineering in university but received low marks. He also worked at the Babel television production company in Baghdad, which was owned by Saddam Hussein's son Uday; sometime after leaving his job, a warrant was issued for his arrest because of theft from the same company.〔 Curveball's story began in November 1999 when Alwan, then in his early 30s, arrived at Munich's Franz Josef Strauss Airport with a tourist visa. Upon entering the country he applied for political asylum because he had embezzled Iraqi government money and faced prison or worse if sent home. The German refugee system sent him to Zirndorf, a refugee center near Nuremberg.〔 After he arrived at the refugee center he changed his story. Alwan's new story included that after he had graduated at the top of his chemical engineering class at Baghdad University in 1994, he worked for "Dr. Germ," British-trained microbiologist Rihab Rashid Taha to lead a team that built mobile labs to produce lethal biological WMD.〔 The Germans listened to his claims and debriefed him starting in December 1999,〔Drogin, Bob, ''Curveball'', Random House, 2007, p.12: "it was nearly Christmas 1999"〕 continuing to September 2001. Although the Americans did not have "direct access" to Curveball,〔Drogin, Bob, ''Curveball'', Random House, 2007, p.31: "senior BND officials decided to bar the CIA from talking to their new source", p.36: "Curveball hates Americans, they told the visiting DIA team. He absolutely refuses to meet any Americans. … Sorry, they said, he's completely off limits."〕〔Chulov, Martin and Pidd, Helen (Defector admits to WMD lies that triggered Iraq war ), ''The Guardian'': "After (speech at the UN ), Janabi said he called his handler at the BND and accused the secret service of breaking an agreement that they would not share anything he had told them with another country"〕 information collected by the BND debriefing team was later passed on in part to the Defense Intelligence Agency in the United States.〔Drogin, Bob, ''Curveball'', Random House, 2007.〕 As an incentive to keep supplying information to German intelligence, Curveball had been granted asylum, as he had applied earlier in 1999 and failed. He had enough money that he did not have to work. He gave many hours of testimony about Iraq's WMD program and in particular its mobile weapons laboratories. Despite CIA technicians and weapon experts finding major flaws and inconsistencies with the designs and systems he asserted the military was developing, this information made it to the American government and although there were wide doubts and questions about the claimed informant's reliability and background, assertions attributed to Curveball claiming that Iraq was creating biological agents in mobile weapons laboratories to elude inspectors appeared in more than 112 United States government reports between January 2000 and September 2001. His assertions eventually made it into United States Secretary of State Colin Powell's famous address the February 5, 2003 to the United Nations detailing Iraq's weapons programs. According to a Danish state TV documentary, DR1 Dokumentaren "Manden der løj verden i krig"〔(''Manden som løj verden i krig'' ) (The man who lied the world into war), Danish State Radio, 2010-04-21, retrieved 2010-04-26]〕 broadcast April 21, 2010, Curveball is still living in Germany under strong protection of the German police. Danish TV filmed Rafid on the streets and recorded clips of conversation with him, before he surreptitiously called the police and had the TV-crew banned from his neighbourhood. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Curveball (informant)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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